所以在執行wince.bat前，要把這三個環境變數設好。
%_TGTCPU% : target cpu ?
%_TGTPROJ% :
%_TGTPLAT%
在 ( http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/對照message，應該是在"ExceptionDispatch( )這一個function 印出來的。
default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dncenet/html/
HW_debugHardware-AssistedDebugging
WithPlatformBuilder42.asp?frame=true&hidetoc=true ) 也有提到這個file是處理所有exception的地方。
這一篇也是一篇很好說明，說明 在platformbuilder上使用hardware debugger可以做到的事和大略的debug方法。
AREA |.text|,ALIGN=2,CODE,READONLY這樣寫，把這個加在assembly source file開頭，就可以compile了，以下是測試的function:
EXPORT TestIncrease
AREA |.text|,ALIGN=2,CODE,READONLY
TestIncrease
mov r12,sp
stmfd sp!,{r4-r11,lr}
add r0,r0,#1
ldmfd sp!,{r4-r11,pc}
END在*cpp 中使用的地方：....
extern "C" int TestIncrease(int a);
.....
int test=0;
test = TestIncrease(test);
....可以作remote debug，在TestIncrease( )設break-point，可以看到test 這個variable由0變成1。armasm "$(InputPath)" "$(IntDir)\$(InputName).obj"
$(IntDir)\$(InputName).obj
什麼時候要用？
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Is there a good book about ARM assembler?
2) Can I use inline assembler in my c code with Embedded Visual C++?
3) Can I see what assembler code the c compiler creates?
4) How do I add an assembley source file to my project, and get EVC to assemble it?
5) How do I write a function in assembler and call it from the c code?
6) How are values passed to and from the assembler function?
7) Can I use any of the 16 registers for anything?
8) Useful resources.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Is there a good book about ARM assembler.
ARM System-on-chip architecture (second edition)
Steve Furber
Addison-Wesley
As well as some chapters aimed more at hardware designers, it has an explanation of the ARM instruction set plus a complete reference of the assembler format for each one. It doesnt teach programming in any way, but if you are experienced in c programming and just need full details of the instruction set and info on how the processor works it is great.
2) Can I use inline assembler in my c code with Embedded Visual C++?
There is no supported way of doing this. You need to put your assembler in seperate functions which can be called from your c code. See below for details of how to do this.
3) Can I see what assembler code the c compiler creates?
Yes, and this is very useful for a few reasons. You can see how optimal the code being produced is, and also learn how the compiler does things. You need to:
From the 'Project' menu choose 'Settings'. Go to the 'C/C++' tab. In the 'Category' drop-down-list choose 'Listing Files'. In the 'Listing file type' drop-down-list choose 'Assembley with Source Code'.
Now the compiler will produce .asm files in the output directory which contain the assembler code with the c source as comments.
4) How do I add an assembley source file to my project, and get EVC to assemble it?
Create a blank file 'myfile.asm' in your project directory with notepad. From the menu in EVC select 'Project->Add to Project->Files' set the 'Files of type' field to 'All Files' and select the myfile.asm file. It will appear in the file list on the left, drag it into the 'Source Files' section.
Select 'Project->Settings' from the menu. On the left of the dialog: select the 'ARM release' configuration and select the 'myfile.asm' file. On the right of the dialog: select the 'Custom Build' tab. In the 'Commands' box add the text 'armasm myfile.asm' and in the 'Outputs' box add the text 'myfile.obj'. Repeat this for the 'ARM debug' configuration.
Now you can open and edit myfile.asm from EVC and it will be assembled into your project.
5) How do I write a function in assembler and call it from the c code?
First a note about the assembler source code layout. All command lines should begin with a tab. Any lines that have text on the left are labels. You need to use labels for function names and as targets for branch instructions. Use a semicolon to mark the rest of a line as a comment. The file should finish with an END command.
Example file:Code:
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21AREA ArmGfxLib,CODE,READONLY
EXPORT FunctionA
EXPORT FunctionB
FunctionA
MOV r12, sp
stmfd sp!, {r4-r11,lr}
; useful code to do something goes here!
ldmfd sp!, {r4-r11,pc}
FunctionB
MOV r12, sp
stmfd sp!, {r4-r11,lr}
; useful code to do something goes here!
ldmfd sp!, {r4-r11,pc}
END
Explanation: the AREA command gives a name to this code section. The EXPORT command makes those labels available as functions. The stmfd/ldmfd commands save and restore the registers to the stack, so you dont corrupt values that the calling function depends on.
In your c++ code add the line:
#ifdef ARM
extern "C" void FunctionA(int a, int b);
#endif
The #ifdef is because we have written the function in ARM assembler so it isnt available in MIPS/SH3 builds.
6) How are values passed to and from the assembler function?
If you declare a function of the form:
extern "C" int armfunction(int arg1, int arg2, int arg3, int arg4, int arg5, int arg6);
The first 4 arguments will be passed in the registers r0-r3. These registers will contain the passed values at the start of your assembler function. Further arguments are passed on the stack, see the code below to read them.
The return value should be placed into register r0 at the end of your assembler function (just before you return to the caller).
This works well with int's and pointers (all pointers are 32 bits). If you try and pass a structure directly as an argument it gets more complex. I advise you to only pass/return integers and pointers to/from your assembler functions, at least to start with.
Here is an example function (declared as above) which adds its six arguments and returns the result.Code:
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16armfunction
MOV r12, sp ; these two lines are
stmfd sp!, {r4-r11,lr} ; standard setup code
; r0-r3 are the first 4 arguments passed
ldr r4, [r12] ; load 5'th argument into r4
ldr r5, [r12, #4] ; load 6'th argument into r5
add r0, r0, r1 ; r0 = r0 + r1
add r0, r0, r2 ; r0 = r0 + r2
add r0, r0, r3 ; r0 = r0 + r3
add r0, r0, r4 ; r0 = r0 + r4
add r0, r0, r5 ; r0 = r0 + r5
ldmfd sp!, {r4-r11,pc} ; standard cleanup and return code
7) Can I use any of the 16 registers for anything?
No. You can use r0-r12 and r14 for anything you like. r15 is the program counter, if you write a value to it then execution will jump to that location. Use the branch instruction, dont alter it directly. r13 is the stack pointer, do not alter it unless you are sure you know what you are doing. r14 (which you can use) is the link register. If you want to call another function you need to set this to the return address, I will include an example in a future version of this FAQ.
8) Useful resources.
H --------------------------L這個位址就是level one descriptor。
[TTB 31-14] [ Address 20-31] 1. 0
00 - Fault
01 - Coarse Page
10 - Section
11 - Fine Page
如何修復被惡意程式破壞的Winsock？可惜知道得太晚，已經重灌了。
« on: August 15, 2006, 09:49:02 AM »
________________________________________
有些惡意程式(如Trojan.Riler.F、TROJ_AGENT.CAC)或間諜軟體(如NewDotNet、WebHancer等)安裝一些附加 元件至系統的Winsock2機碼中(有時候稱為Layered Service Provider, aka, LSP)，以利於監視系統的網路訊息。當你(防毒軟體或反間諜軟體)不小心移除它時，會造成網路中斷或網路不穩定。如果發生這種情形，如何檢查及修復它 呢？
如何判斷Winsock2已經被損毀了呢？
方法一：使用Windows XP SP2所提供的命令(netsh winsock show catalog)
1. 按一下[開始]，然後按一下[執行]，輸入cmd，然後按一下[確定]。
2. 在命令列視窗中，輸入netsh winsock show catalog。
3. 如果Winsock2機碼沒有損壞且只安裝TCP/IP的話，[通訊協定]中會有10個區段，每個區段的名稱將如下所示：
‧ MSAFD Tcpip [TCP/IP]
‧ MSAFD Tcpip [UDP/IP]
‧ RSVP UDP Service Provider
‧ RSVP TCP Service Provider
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
方法二：使用msinfo32.exe
1. 按一下[開始]，然後按一下[執行]，輸msinfo32，然後按一下[確定]。
2. 展開[元件]，再展開[網路]，然後按一下[通訊協定]。
3. 如果Winsock2機碼沒有損壞且只安裝TCP/IP的話，[通訊協定]中會有10個區段，每個區段的名稱將如下所示：
‧ MSAFD Tcpip [TCP/IP]
‧ MSAFD Tcpip [UDP/IP]
‧ RSVP UDP Service Provider
‧ RSVP TCP Service Provider
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
‧ MSAFD NetBIOS [\Device\NetBT_Tcpip...
如何修復已經被損毀的Winsock2呢？
方法一：
如果你的系統已經是Windows XP SP2的話，只要在命令列視窗中，輸入下列的命令即可：netsh winsock reset
不過，如果你有安裝其他的附加元件的話(如Google Toolbar)，此命令會還原至只有TCP/IP的狀況。
方法二：使用LSP-Fix程式
1. 你可以從http://cexx.org/lspfix.htm下載此程式。
方法三：刪除毀損的登錄機碼，然後重新安裝 TCP/IP 通訊協定
1. 按一下[開始]，然後按一下[執行]。
2. 在[開啟]方塊中，輸入regedit，然後按一下[確定]。
3. 在[登錄編輯程式]中找出下列機碼，再用滑鼠右鍵按一下每個機碼，然後按[刪除]：
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Winsock2
4. 提示您是否確定要刪除時，請按一下[是]。
注意 刪除Winsock機碼之後，請重新啟動電腦，否則，下列的步驟就會無法正確執行。
5. 安裝 TCP/IP，用滑鼠右鍵按一下網路連線，再按一下[內容]。
6. 按一下[安裝]，按一下[通訊協定]，然後按一下[新增]。
7. 按一下 [從磁片安裝]，輸入C:\Windows\inf，然後按一下[確定]。
8. 在可用通訊協定的清單中按一下[Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)]，然後按一下[確定]，然後重新啟動電腦。
參考：
1. KB811259: http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb%3Bzh-tw%3B811259
2. LSP-Fix: http://cexx.org/lspfix.htm
MAP 0x100以上在位址0x100的地方宣告了一個structure，A的位置是16 byte，B 32 byte，C 256 byte。
A FIELD 16
B FIELD 32
C FIELD 256
^ 0x100要注意"#"在instruction 中代表literal。
A # 16
B # 32
C # 256
build -c作local build，然後再用platformbuilder的"make run-time image"來make image。
makeimg來作相同的動作。
使用platform builder的"make run-time image"的好處是log會在log視窗中，可以看到全部，用command下的話，受限command 的buffer，只有最後幾行可以看到。這樣作，有時候會出現
"mismatched time stamp on .rel file for module XXX.."的warnning，然後有時候會導致error。
00 256fs所以SYSCLK最低是256fs。
01 384fs
10 512fs
11 768fs
有關make binary image 的動作，可以將 make run-time image後，PB的"Build" output windows中的log copy 出來看，可以知道make binary image的整個動作(依序run哪些command)，再利用PB 的help search這些command 。ms-help://MS.WindowsCE.500/wcepbguide5/html/wce50conMakeBinaryImageTool.htm
FILESName會檔案在Image中的名字。
; Name Path Memory Type
; -------------- -------------------------------- ------ ----
<file name> $(_FLATRELEASEDIR)\<file name> NK S
#define
#undef
#include
#error : 輸出message並且停止執行
#message : 輸出message
&&變數的部分(用#define 定義的)，可以用$( )來代表。
||
==
!=
LIBRARY MYDRIVE這樣
EXPORTS
MY_Init
My_DeInit
My_Open
My_Close
My_PowerDown
My_PowerUp
My_IOControl
將IO pin設為floating，關閉USB。disable all interrupt。enable DATABUS pullup resister，enable SDRAM self-reflash function..chip提供一組register，在進入sleep後，資料不會消失。所以可以藉由這個register來存放wakeup後需要的資料。
<MCR|MRC>{cond} p#,<expression1>,Rd,cn,cm{,<expression2>}
MRC : 將coprocessor的register內容搬到ARM core register中
MCR : 將ARM core register的資料copy到coprocessor中
{cond} : 條件執行
p# :所要操作的 coprocesspr index (number?)
expresion1 : 要coprocessor執行的命令.有關ARM MMU 的內容在fuber的arm bible中有說明。mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0對coprocessor15(mmu)動作，要求coprocessor 將他的C0, C1 register作operation 0-0的操作，然後把結果放到 r0。
將mmu的c1 register load到r0MMU的protection register R1 是Configuration Register，
Virtual, Physical, SizeCE內的code address都是virtual address。藉由這個table，轉換到實體的address。
_OEMAddressTable:也就是說，virtual address 0x80000000會對應到實體0x00000000的位置，mapping的size是64MB。
dd 80000000h, 0, 04000000h
MEMORY.這個 platform的bootloader沒有啟動mmu，所以以上的定義使用的是physical address。
; Name Start Size Type
;-----------------------------------
EBOOT 00130000 00020000 RAMIMAGE
RAM 00150000 00070000 RAM
ETHDMA 00200000 00020000 RESERVED
MEMORY?"讓"掉bootloader的區域(0x80130000 - 0x80150000)。
; Name Start Size Type
;-----------------------------
NK 80220000 009E0000 RAMIMAGE
RAM 80C00000 00C40000 RAM
DMA 80100000 00030000 RESERVED
BOOTARGS 801FFF00 00000100 RESERVED
EDBG_DMA 80200000 00020000 RESERVED
前中華電信董事長，現任交大管理學院院長毛治國指出，數位匯流後的經營，對新舊業者都是全新的挑戰。電視傳輸數位化後，頻道從一百台增加到六百台，有線電視業者一方面要學習管理極小眾化的頻道，還要進一步推出原本不熟悉的語音電話服務，搶原本電信業者的生意。不是雙方都是挑戰嗎？難道說，由電信事業進入媒體比媒體進入電信事業容易 ?
「外資大概五、六年就會獲利了結，不會做長期的建設，」一位中嘉人士也明白表示，「就網路建設，或是頻道內容的發展，坦白說都不是好事。」也就是說，不做常長期計畫建設的經營方式，比較容易達到高獲利？ HOW ?
簡單來說，外資「用財報管理企業」，每天訂出管理數字。從過去卡萊爾管理台灣寬頻的模式來看，原本一人服務八百戶，人事精簡後，一人管理一千兩百戶。財報上費用降低、員工生產力提升，卻也意味服務品質下降。服務品質下降，用戶不會流失？還是說各地區媒體業者已經瓜分完畢，完成壟斷？所以收視戶沒有其他選擇？如果是這樣，中華電視MOD的推出的確對現有媒體業者是很大的挑戰，因為收視戶不滿意現有服務的話，可以有其他的選擇。
PicasaWeb(不是Picasa喔，一定要有"Web")的版本是 2.5.0 (Build 32.71,0)以上。
還要有最新的google earth，版本是4.0.1693。
Dim service,Process其中Process.Name在日文版Windows是小寫的"iexplore.exe"，在中文版是大寫的"IEXPLORE.EXE"。所以要寫一個script能在日文和中文Windows下run，就要加上 UCase，把Process.Name改成大寫。
Set service = GetObject("winmgmts:")
For Each Process In service.InstancesOf("Win32_Process")
If UCase(Process.Name) = "IEXPLORE.EXE" Then
Wscript.Echo Process.processID
End If
Next
好奇怪，語系不同，ProcessName就不同。
